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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved. # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be # found in the LICENSE file. """psutil is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network, sensors) in Python. Supported platforms: - Linux - Windows - macOS - FreeBSD - OpenBSD - NetBSD - Sun Solaris - AIX Works with Python versions 2.7 and 3.6+. """ from __future__ import division import collections import contextlib import datetime import functools import os import signal import subprocess import sys import threading import time try: import pwd except ImportError: pwd = None from . import _common from ._common import AIX from ._common import BSD from ._common import CONN_CLOSE from ._common import CONN_CLOSE_WAIT from ._common import CONN_CLOSING from ._common import CONN_ESTABLISHED from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT1 from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT2 from ._common import CONN_LAST_ACK from ._common import CONN_LISTEN from ._common import CONN_NONE from ._common import CONN_SYN_RECV from ._common import CONN_SYN_SENT from ._common import CONN_TIME_WAIT from ._common import FREEBSD # NOQA from ._common import LINUX from ._common import MACOS from ._common import NETBSD # NOQA from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN from ._common import OPENBSD # NOQA from ._common import OSX # deprecated alias from ._common import POSIX # NOQA from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED from ._common import STATUS_DEAD from ._common import STATUS_DISK_SLEEP from ._common import STATUS_IDLE from ._common import STATUS_LOCKED from ._common import STATUS_PARKED from ._common import STATUS_RUNNING from ._common import STATUS_SLEEPING from ._common import STATUS_STOPPED from ._common import STATUS_TRACING_STOP from ._common import STATUS_WAITING from ._common import STATUS_WAKING from ._common import STATUS_ZOMBIE from ._common import SUNOS from ._common import WINDOWS from ._common import AccessDenied from ._common import Error from ._common import NoSuchProcess from ._common import TimeoutExpired from ._common import ZombieProcess from ._common import debug from ._common import memoize_when_activated from ._common import wrap_numbers as _wrap_numbers from ._compat import PY3 as _PY3 from ._compat import PermissionError from ._compat import ProcessLookupError from ._compat import SubprocessTimeoutExpired as _SubprocessTimeoutExpired from ._compat import long if LINUX: # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py # via sys.modules. PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" from . import _pslinux as _psplatform from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_BE # NOQA from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE # NOQA from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE # NOQA from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_RT # NOQA elif WINDOWS: from . import _pswindows as _psplatform from ._psutil_windows import ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._psutil_windows import BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._psutil_windows import HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._psutil_windows import IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._psutil_windows import NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._psutil_windows import REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA from ._pswindows import CONN_DELETE_TCB # NOQA from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_HIGH # NOQA from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_LOW # NOQA from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_NORMAL # NOQA from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_VERYLOW # NOQA elif MACOS: from . import _psosx as _psplatform elif BSD: from . import _psbsd as _psplatform elif SUNOS: from . import _pssunos as _psplatform from ._pssunos import CONN_BOUND # NOQA from ._pssunos import CONN_IDLE # NOQA # This is public writable API which is read from _pslinux.py and # _pssunos.py via sys.modules. PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" elif AIX: from . import _psaix as _psplatform # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py # via sys.modules. PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" else: # pragma: no cover raise NotImplementedError('platform %s is not supported' % sys.platform) # fmt: off __all__ = [ # exceptions "Error", "NoSuchProcess", "ZombieProcess", "AccessDenied", "TimeoutExpired", # constants "version_info", "__version__", "STATUS_RUNNING", "STATUS_IDLE", "STATUS_SLEEPING", "STATUS_DISK_SLEEP", "STATUS_STOPPED", "STATUS_TRACING_STOP", "STATUS_ZOMBIE", "STATUS_DEAD", "STATUS_WAKING", "STATUS_LOCKED", "STATUS_WAITING", "STATUS_LOCKED", "STATUS_PARKED", "CONN_ESTABLISHED", "CONN_SYN_SENT", "CONN_SYN_RECV", "CONN_FIN_WAIT1", "CONN_FIN_WAIT2", "CONN_TIME_WAIT", "CONN_CLOSE", "CONN_CLOSE_WAIT", "CONN_LAST_ACK", "CONN_LISTEN", "CONN_CLOSING", "CONN_NONE", # "CONN_IDLE", "CONN_BOUND", "AF_LINK", "NIC_DUPLEX_FULL", "NIC_DUPLEX_HALF", "NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN", "POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN", "POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED", "BSD", "FREEBSD", "LINUX", "NETBSD", "OPENBSD", "MACOS", "OSX", "POSIX", "SUNOS", "WINDOWS", "AIX", # "RLIM_INFINITY", "RLIMIT_AS", "RLIMIT_CORE", "RLIMIT_CPU", "RLIMIT_DATA", # "RLIMIT_FSIZE", "RLIMIT_LOCKS", "RLIMIT_MEMLOCK", "RLIMIT_NOFILE", # "RLIMIT_NPROC", "RLIMIT_RSS", "RLIMIT_STACK", "RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE", # "RLIMIT_NICE", "RLIMIT_RTPRIO", "RLIMIT_RTTIME", "RLIMIT_SIGPENDING", # classes "Process", "Popen", # functions "pid_exists", "pids", "process_iter", "wait_procs", # proc "virtual_memory", "swap_memory", # memory "cpu_times", "cpu_percent", "cpu_times_percent", "cpu_count", # cpu "cpu_stats", # "cpu_freq", "getloadavg" "net_io_counters", "net_connections", "net_if_addrs", # network "net_if_stats", "disk_io_counters", "disk_partitions", "disk_usage", # disk # "sensors_temperatures", "sensors_battery", "sensors_fans" # sensors "users", "boot_time", # others ] # fmt: on __all__.extend(_psplatform.__extra__all__) # Linux, FreeBSD if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"): # Populate global namespace with RLIM* constants. from . import _psutil_posix _globals = globals() _name = None for _name in dir(_psutil_posix): if _name.startswith('RLIM') and _name.isupper(): _globals[_name] = getattr(_psutil_posix, _name) __all__.append(_name) del _globals, _name AF_LINK = _psplatform.AF_LINK __author__ = "Giampaolo Rodola'" __version__ = "6.1.0" version_info = tuple([int(num) for num in __version__.split('.')]) _timer = getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time) _TOTAL_PHYMEM = None _LOWEST_PID = None _SENTINEL = object() # Sanity check in case the user messed up with psutil installation # or did something weird with sys.path. In this case we might end # up importing a python module using a C extension module which # was compiled for a different version of psutil. # We want to prevent that by failing sooner rather than later. # See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/564 if int(__version__.replace('.', '')) != getattr( _psplatform.cext, 'version', None ): msg = "version conflict: %r C extension " % _psplatform.cext.__file__ msg += "module was built for another version of psutil" if hasattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version'): msg += " (%s instead of %s)" % ( '.'.join([x for x in str(_psplatform.cext.version)]), __version__, ) else: msg += " (different than %s)" % __version__ msg += "; you may try to 'pip uninstall psutil', manually remove %s" % ( getattr( _psplatform.cext, "__file__", "the existing psutil install directory", ) ) msg += " or clean the virtual env somehow, then reinstall" raise ImportError(msg) # ===================================================================== # --- Utils # ===================================================================== if hasattr(_psplatform, 'ppid_map'): # Faster version (Windows and Linux). _ppid_map = _psplatform.ppid_map else: # pragma: no cover def _ppid_map(): """Return a {pid: ppid, ...} dict for all running processes in one shot. Used to speed up Process.children(). """ ret = {} for pid in pids(): try: ret[pid] = _psplatform.Process(pid).ppid() except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): pass return ret def _pprint_secs(secs): """Format seconds in a human readable form.""" now = time.time() secs_ago = int(now - secs) fmt = "%H:%M:%S" if secs_ago < 60 * 60 * 24 else "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(secs).strftime(fmt) # ===================================================================== # --- Process class # ===================================================================== class Process(object): # noqa: UP004 """Represents an OS process with the given PID. If PID is omitted current process PID (os.getpid()) is used. Raise NoSuchProcess if PID does not exist. Note that most of the methods of this class do not make sure that the PID of the process being queried has been reused. That means that you may end up retrieving information for another process. The only exceptions for which process identity is pre-emptively checked and guaranteed are: - parent() - children() - nice() (set) - ionice() (set) - rlimit() (set) - cpu_affinity (set) - suspend() - resume() - send_signal() - terminate() - kill() To prevent this problem for all other methods you can use is_running() before querying the process. """ def __init__(self, pid=None): self._init(pid) def _init(self, pid, _ignore_nsp=False): if pid is None: pid = os.getpid() else: if not _PY3 and not isinstance(pid, (int, long)): msg = "pid must be an integer (got %r)" % pid raise TypeError(msg) if pid < 0: msg = "pid must be a positive integer (got %s)" % pid raise ValueError(msg) try: _psplatform.cext.check_pid_range(pid) except OverflowError: msg = "process PID out of range (got %s)" % pid raise NoSuchProcess(pid, msg=msg) self._pid = pid self._name = None self._exe = None self._create_time = None self._gone = False self._pid_reused = False self._hash = None self._lock = threading.RLock() # used for caching on Windows only (on POSIX ppid may change) self._ppid = None # platform-specific modules define an _psplatform.Process # implementation class self._proc = _psplatform.Process(pid) self._last_sys_cpu_times = None self._last_proc_cpu_times = None self._exitcode = _SENTINEL self._ident = (self.pid, None) try: self._ident = self._get_ident() except AccessDenied: # This should happen on Windows only, since we use the fast # create time method. AFAIK, on all other platforms we are # able to get create time for all PIDs. pass except ZombieProcess: # Zombies can still be queried by this class (although # not always) and pids() return them so just go on. pass except NoSuchProcess: if not _ignore_nsp: msg = "process PID not found" raise NoSuchProcess(pid, msg=msg) else: self._gone = True def _get_ident(self): """Return a (pid, uid) tuple which is supposed to identify a Process instance univocally over time. The PID alone is not enough, as it can be assigned to a new process after this one terminates, so we add process creation time to the mix. We need this in order to prevent killing the wrong process later on. This is also known as PID reuse or PID recycling problem. The reliability of this strategy mostly depends on create_time() precision, which is 0.01 secs on Linux. The assumption is that, after a process terminates, the kernel won't reuse the same PID after such a short period of time (0.01 secs). Technically this is inherently racy, but practically it should be good enough. """ if WINDOWS: # Use create_time() fast method in order to speedup # `process_iter()`. This means we'll get AccessDenied for # most ADMIN processes, but that's fine since it means # we'll also get AccessDenied on kill(). # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2366#issuecomment-2381646555 self._create_time = self._proc.create_time(fast_only=True) return (self.pid, self._create_time) else: return (self.pid, self.create_time()) def __str__(self): info = collections.OrderedDict() info["pid"] = self.pid if self._name: info['name'] = self._name with self.oneshot(): if self._pid_reused: info["status"] = "terminated + PID reused" else: try: info["name"] = self.name() info["status"] = self.status() except ZombieProcess: info["status"] = "zombie" except NoSuchProcess: info["status"] = "terminated" except AccessDenied: pass if self._exitcode not in (_SENTINEL, None): info["exitcode"] = self._exitcode if self._create_time is not None: info['started'] = _pprint_secs(self._create_time) return "%s.%s(%s)" % ( self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__, ", ".join(["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()]), ) __repr__ = __str__ def __eq__(self, other): # Test for equality with another Process object based # on PID and creation time. if not isinstance(other, Process): return NotImplemented if OPENBSD or NETBSD: # pragma: no cover # Zombie processes on Open/NetBSD have a creation time of # 0.0. This covers the case when a process started normally # (so it has a ctime), then it turned into a zombie. It's # important to do this because is_running() depends on # __eq__. pid1, ident1 = self._ident pid2, ident2 = other._ident if pid1 == pid2: if ident1 and not ident2: try: return self.status() == STATUS_ZOMBIE except Error: pass return self._ident == other._ident def __ne__(self, other): return not self == other def __hash__(self): if self._hash is None: self._hash = hash(self._ident) return self._hash def _raise_if_pid_reused(self): """Raises NoSuchProcess in case process PID has been reused.""" if self._pid_reused or (not self.is_running() and self._pid_reused): # We may directly raise NSP in here already if PID is just # not running, but I prefer NSP to be raised naturally by # the actual Process API call. This way unit tests will tell # us if the API is broken (aka don't raise NSP when it # should). We also remain consistent with all other "get" # APIs which don't use _raise_if_pid_reused(). msg = "process no longer exists and its PID has been reused" raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name, msg=msg) @property def pid(self): """The process PID.""" return self._pid # --- utility methods @contextlib.contextmanager def oneshot(self): """Utility context manager which considerably speeds up the retrieval of multiple process information at the same time. Internally different process info (e.g. name, ppid, uids, gids, ...) may be fetched by using the same routine, but only one information is returned and the others are discarded. When using this context manager the internal routine is executed once (in the example below on name()) and the other info are cached. The cache is cleared when exiting the context manager block. The advice is to use this every time you retrieve more than one information about the process. If you're lucky, you'll get a hell of a speedup. >>> import psutil >>> p = psutil.Process() >>> with p.oneshot(): ... p.name() # collect multiple info ... p.cpu_times() # return cached value ... p.cpu_percent() # return cached value ... p.create_time() # return cached value ... >>> """ with self._lock: if hasattr(self, "_cache"): # NOOP: this covers the use case where the user enters the # context twice: # # >>> with p.oneshot(): # ... with p.oneshot(): # ... # # Also, since as_dict() internally uses oneshot() # I expect that the code below will be a pretty common # "mistake" that the user will make, so let's guard # against that: # # >>> with p.oneshot(): # ... p.as_dict() # ... yield else: try: # cached in case cpu_percent() is used self.cpu_times.cache_activate(self) # cached in case memory_percent() is used self.memory_info.cache_activate(self) # cached in case parent() is used self.ppid.cache_activate(self) # cached in case username() is used if POSIX: self.uids.cache_activate(self) # specific implementation cache self._proc.oneshot_enter() yield finally: self.cpu_times.cache_deactivate(self) self.memory_info.cache_deactivate(self) self.ppid.cache_deactivate(self) if POSIX: self.uids.cache_deactivate(self) self._proc.oneshot_exit() def as_dict(self, attrs=None, ad_value=None): """Utility method returning process information as a hashable dictionary. If *attrs* is specified it must be a list of strings reflecting available Process class' attribute names (e.g. ['cpu_times', 'name']) else all public (read only) attributes are assumed. *ad_value* is the value which gets assigned in case AccessDenied or ZombieProcess exception is raised when retrieving that particular process information. """ valid_names = _as_dict_attrnames if attrs is not None: if not isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)): msg = "invalid attrs type %s" % type(attrs) raise TypeError(msg) attrs = set(attrs) invalid_names = attrs - valid_names if invalid_names: msg = "invalid attr name%s %s" % ( "s" if len(invalid_names) > 1 else "", ", ".join(map(repr, invalid_names)), ) raise ValueError(msg) retdict = {} ls = attrs or valid_names with self.oneshot(): for name in ls: try: if name == 'pid': ret = self.pid else: meth = getattr(self, name) ret = meth() except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess): ret = ad_value except NotImplementedError: # in case of not implemented functionality (may happen # on old or exotic systems) we want to crash only if # the user explicitly asked for that particular attr if attrs: raise continue retdict[name] = ret return retdict def parent(self): """Return the parent process as a Process object pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. If no parent is known return None. """ lowest_pid = _LOWEST_PID if _LOWEST_PID is not None else pids()[0] if self.pid == lowest_pid: return None ppid = self.ppid() if ppid is not None: ctime = self.create_time() try: parent = Process(ppid) if parent.create_time() <= ctime: return parent # ...else ppid has been reused by another process except NoSuchProcess: pass def parents(self): """Return the parents of this process as a list of Process instances. If no parents are known return an empty list. """ parents = [] proc = self.parent() while proc is not None: parents.append(proc) proc = proc.parent() return parents def is_running(self): """Return whether this process is running. It also checks if PID has been reused by another process, in which case it will remove the process from `process_iter()` internal cache and return False. """ if self._gone or self._pid_reused: return False try: # Checking if PID is alive is not enough as the PID might # have been reused by another process. Process identity / # uniqueness over time is guaranteed by (PID + creation # time) and that is verified in __eq__. self._pid_reused = self != Process(self.pid) if self._pid_reused: _pids_reused.add(self.pid) raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid) return True except ZombieProcess: # We should never get here as it's already handled in # Process.__init__; here just for extra safety. return True except NoSuchProcess: self._gone = True return False # --- actual API @memoize_when_activated def ppid(self): """The process parent PID. On Windows the return value is cached after first call. """ # On POSIX we don't want to cache the ppid as it may unexpectedly # change to 1 (init) in case this process turns into a zombie: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/321 # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/356722/ # XXX should we check creation time here rather than in # Process.parent()? self._raise_if_pid_reused() if POSIX: return self._proc.ppid() else: # pragma: no cover self._ppid = self._ppid or self._proc.ppid() return self._ppid def name(self): """The process name. The return value is cached after first call.""" # Process name is only cached on Windows as on POSIX it may # change, see: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/692 if WINDOWS and self._name is not None: return self._name name = self._proc.name() if POSIX and len(name) >= 15: # On UNIX the name gets truncated to the first 15 characters. # If it matches the first part of the cmdline we return that # one instead because it's usually more explicative. # Examples are "gnome-keyring-d" vs. "gnome-keyring-daemon". try: cmdline = self.cmdline() except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess): # Just pass and return the truncated name: it's better # than nothing. Note: there are actual cases where a # zombie process can return a name() but not a # cmdline(), see: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/2239 pass else: if cmdline: extended_name = os.path.basename(cmdline[0]) if extended_name.startswith(name): name = extended_name self._name = name self._proc._name = name return name def exe(self): """The process executable as an absolute path. May also be an empty string. The return value is cached after first call. """ def guess_it(fallback): # try to guess exe from cmdline[0] in absence of a native # exe representation cmdline = self.cmdline() if cmdline and hasattr(os, 'access') and hasattr(os, 'X_OK'): exe = cmdline[0] # the possible exe # Attempt to guess only in case of an absolute path. # It is not safe otherwise as the process might have # changed cwd. if ( os.path.isabs(exe) and os.path.isfile(exe) and os.access(exe, os.X_OK) ): return exe if isinstance(fallback, AccessDenied): raise fallback return fallback if self._exe is None: try: exe = self._proc.exe() except AccessDenied as err: return guess_it(fallback=err) else: if not exe: # underlying implementation can legitimately return an # empty string; if that's the case we don't want to # raise AD while guessing from the cmdline try: exe = guess_it(fallback=exe) except AccessDenied: pass self._exe = exe return self._exe def cmdline(self): """The command line this process has been called with.""" return self._proc.cmdline() def status(self): """The process current status as a STATUS_* constant.""" try: return self._proc.status() except ZombieProcess: return STATUS_ZOMBIE def username(self): """The name of the user that owns the process. On UNIX this is calculated by using *real* process uid. """ if POSIX: if pwd is None: # might happen if python was installed from sources msg = "requires pwd module shipped with standard python" raise ImportError(msg) real_uid = self.uids().real try: return pwd.getpwuid(real_uid).pw_name except KeyError: # the uid can't be resolved by the system return str(real_uid) else: return self._proc.username() def create_time(self): """The process creation time as a floating point number expressed in seconds since the epoch. The return value is cached after first call. """ if self._create_time is None: self._create_time = self._proc.create_time() return self._create_time def cwd(self): """Process current working directory as an absolute path.""" return self._proc.cwd() def nice(self, value=None): """Get or set process niceness (priority).""" if value is None: return self._proc.nice_get() else: self._raise_if_pid_reused() self._proc.nice_set(value) if POSIX: @memoize_when_activated def uids(self): """Return process UIDs as a (real, effective, saved) namedtuple. """ return self._proc.uids() def gids(self): """Return process GIDs as a (real, effective, saved) namedtuple. """ return self._proc.gids() def terminal(self): """The terminal associated with this process, if any, else None. """ return self._proc.terminal() def num_fds(self): """Return the number of file descriptors opened by this process (POSIX only). """ return self._proc.num_fds() # Linux, BSD, AIX and Windows only if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "io_counters"): def io_counters(self): """Return process I/O statistics as a (read_count, write_count, read_bytes, write_bytes) namedtuple. Those are the number of read/write calls performed and the amount of bytes read and written by the process. """ return self._proc.io_counters() # Linux and Windows if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "ionice_get"): def ionice(self, ioclass=None, value=None): """Get or set process I/O niceness (priority). On Linux *ioclass* is one of the IOPRIO_CLASS_* constants. *value* is a number which goes from 0 to 7. The higher the value, the lower the I/O priority of the process. On Windows only *ioclass* is used and it can be set to 2 (normal), 1 (low) or 0 (very low). Available on Linux and Windows > Vista only. """ if ioclass is None: if value is not None: msg = "'ioclass' argument must be specified" raise ValueError(msg) return self._proc.ionice_get() else: self._raise_if_pid_reused() return self._proc.ionice_set(ioclass, value) # Linux / FreeBSD only if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"): def rlimit(self, resource, limits=None): """Get or set process resource limits as a (soft, hard) tuple. *resource* is one of the RLIMIT_* constants. *limits* is supposed to be a (soft, hard) tuple. See "man prlimit" for further info. Available on Linux and FreeBSD only. """ if limits is not None: self._raise_if_pid_reused() return self._proc.rlimit(resource, limits) # Windows, Linux and FreeBSD only if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_affinity_get"): def cpu_affinity(self, cpus=None): """Get or set process CPU affinity. If specified, *cpus* must be a list of CPUs for which you want to set the affinity (e.g. [0, 1]). If an empty list is passed, all egible CPUs are assumed (and set). (Windows, Linux and BSD only). """ if cpus is None: return sorted(set(self._proc.cpu_affinity_get())) else: self._raise_if_pid_reused() if not cpus: if hasattr(self._proc, "_get_eligible_cpus"): cpus = self._proc._get_eligible_cpus() else: cpus = tuple(range(len(cpu_times(percpu=True)))) self._proc.cpu_affinity_set(list(set(cpus))) # Linux, FreeBSD, SunOS if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_num"): def cpu_num(self): """Return what CPU this process is currently running on. The returned number should be <= psutil.cpu_count() and <= len(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)). It may be used in conjunction with psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) to observe the system workload distributed across CPUs. """ return self._proc.cpu_num() # All platforms has it, but maybe not in the future. if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "environ"): def environ(self): """The environment variables of the process as a dict. Note: this might not reflect changes made after the process started. """ return self._proc.environ() if WINDOWS: def num_handles(self): """Return the number of handles opened by this process (Windows only). """ return self._proc.num_handles() def num_ctx_switches(self): """Return the number of voluntary and involuntary context switches performed by this process. """ return self._proc.num_ctx_switches() def num_threads(self): """Return the number of threads used by this process.""" return self._proc.num_threads() if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "threads"): def threads(self): """Return threads opened by process as a list of (id, user_time, system_time) namedtuples representing thread id and thread CPU times (user/system). On OpenBSD this method requires root access. """ return self._proc.threads() def children(self, recursive=False): """Return the children of this process as a list of Process instances, pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. If *recursive* is True return all the parent descendants. Example (A == this process): A ─┐ │ ├─ B (child) ─┐ │ └─ X (grandchild) ─┐ │ └─ Y (great grandchild) ├─ C (child) └─ D (child) >>> import psutil >>> p = psutil.Process() >>> p.children() B, C, D >>> p.children(recursive=True) B, X, Y, C, D Note that in the example above if process X disappears process Y won't be listed as the reference to process A is lost. """ self._raise_if_pid_reused() ppid_map = _ppid_map() ret = [] if not recursive: for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items(): if ppid == self.pid: try: child = Process(pid) # if child happens to be older than its parent # (self) it means child's PID has been reused if self.create_time() <= child.create_time(): ret.append(child) except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): pass else: # Construct a {pid: [child pids]} dict reverse_ppid_map = collections.defaultdict(list) for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items(): reverse_ppid_map[ppid].append(pid) # Recursively traverse that dict, starting from self.pid, # such that we only call Process() on actual children seen = set() stack = [self.pid] while stack: pid = stack.pop() if pid in seen: # Since pids can be reused while the ppid_map is # constructed, there may be rare instances where # there's a cycle in the recorded process "tree". continue seen.add(pid) for child_pid in reverse_ppid_map[pid]: try: child = Process(child_pid) # if child happens to be older than its parent # (self) it means child's PID has been reused intime = self.create_time() <= child.create_time() if intime: ret.append(child) stack.append(child_pid) except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): pass return ret def cpu_percent(self, interval=None): """Return a float representing the current process CPU utilization as a percentage. When *interval* is 0.0 or None (default) compares process times to system CPU times elapsed since last call, returning immediately (non-blocking). That means that the first time this is called it will return a meaningful 0.0 value. When *interval* is > 0.0 compares process times to system CPU times elapsed before and after the interval (blocking). In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function be called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls. A value > 100.0 can be returned in case of processes running multiple threads on different CPU cores. The returned value is explicitly NOT split evenly between all available logical CPUs. This means that a busy loop process running on a system with 2 logical CPUs will be reported as having 100% CPU utilization instead of 50%. Examples: >>> import psutil >>> p = psutil.Process(os.getpid()) >>> # blocking >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=1) 2.0 >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call) >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=None) 2.9 >>> """ blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 if interval is not None and interval < 0: msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval raise ValueError(msg) num_cpus = cpu_count() or 1 def timer(): return _timer() * num_cpus if blocking: st1 = timer() pt1 = self._proc.cpu_times() time.sleep(interval) st2 = timer() pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times() else: st1 = self._last_sys_cpu_times pt1 = self._last_proc_cpu_times st2 = timer() pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times() if st1 is None or pt1 is None: self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2 self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2 return 0.0 delta_proc = (pt2.user - pt1.user) + (pt2.system - pt1.system) delta_time = st2 - st1 # reset values for next call in case of interval == None self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2 self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2 try: # This is the utilization split evenly between all CPUs. # E.g. a busy loop process on a 2-CPU-cores system at this # point is reported as 50% instead of 100%. overall_cpus_percent = (delta_proc / delta_time) * 100 except ZeroDivisionError: # interval was too low return 0.0 else: # Note 1: # in order to emulate "top" we multiply the value for the num # of CPU cores. This way the busy process will be reported as # having 100% (or more) usage. # # Note 2: # taskmgr.exe on Windows differs in that it will show 50% # instead. # # Note 3: # a percentage > 100 is legitimate as it can result from a # process with multiple threads running on different CPU # cores (top does the same), see: # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1032357 # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/474 single_cpu_percent = overall_cpus_percent * num_cpus return round(single_cpu_percent, 1) @memoize_when_activated def cpu_times(self): """Return a (user, system, children_user, children_system) namedtuple representing the accumulated process time, in seconds. This is similar to os.times() but per-process. On macOS and Windows children_user and children_system are always set to 0. """ return self._proc.cpu_times() @memoize_when_activated def memory_info(self): """Return a namedtuple with variable fields depending on the platform, representing memory information about the process. The "portable" fields available on all platforms are `rss` and `vms`. All numbers are expressed in bytes. """ return self._proc.memory_info() @_common.deprecated_method(replacement="memory_info") def memory_info_ex(self): return self.memory_info() def memory_full_info(self): """This method returns the same information as memory_info(), plus, on some platform (Linux, macOS, Windows), also provides additional metrics (USS, PSS and swap). The additional metrics provide a better representation of actual process memory usage. Namely USS is the memory which is unique to a process and which would be freed if the process was terminated right now. It does so by passing through the whole process address. As such it usually requires higher user privileges than memory_info() and is considerably slower. """ return self._proc.memory_full_info() def memory_percent(self, memtype="rss"): """Compare process memory to total physical system memory and calculate process memory utilization as a percentage. *memtype* argument is a string that dictates what type of process memory you want to compare against (defaults to "rss"). The list of available strings can be obtained like this: >>> psutil.Process().memory_info()._fields ('rss', 'vms', 'shared', 'text', 'lib', 'data', 'dirty', 'uss', 'pss') """ valid_types = list(_psplatform.pfullmem._fields) if memtype not in valid_types: msg = "invalid memtype %r; valid types are %r" % ( memtype, tuple(valid_types), ) raise ValueError(msg) fun = ( self.memory_info if memtype in _psplatform.pmem._fields else self.memory_full_info ) metrics = fun() value = getattr(metrics, memtype) # use cached value if available total_phymem = _TOTAL_PHYMEM or virtual_memory().total if not total_phymem > 0: # we should never get here msg = ( "can't calculate process memory percent because total physical" " system memory is not positive (%r)" % (total_phymem) ) raise ValueError(msg) return (value / float(total_phymem)) * 100 if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "memory_maps"): def memory_maps(self, grouped=True): """Return process' mapped memory regions as a list of namedtuples whose fields are variable depending on the platform. If *grouped* is True the mapped regions with the same 'path' are grouped together and the different memory fields are summed. If *grouped* is False every mapped region is shown as a single entity and the namedtuple will also include the mapped region's address space ('addr') and permission set ('perms'). """ it = self._proc.memory_maps() if grouped: d = {} for tupl in it: path = tupl[2] nums = tupl[3:] try: d[path] = map(lambda x, y: x + y, d[path], nums) except KeyError: d[path] = nums nt = _psplatform.pmmap_grouped return [nt(path, *d[path]) for path in d] # NOQA else: nt = _psplatform.pmmap_ext return [nt(*x) for x in it] def open_files(self): """Return files opened by process as a list of (path, fd) namedtuples including the absolute file name and file descriptor number. """ return self._proc.open_files() def net_connections(self, kind='inet'): """Return socket connections opened by process as a list of (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status) namedtuples. The *kind* parameter filters for connections that match the following criteria: +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | Kind Value | Connections using | +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | inet | IPv4 and IPv6 | | inet4 | IPv4 | | inet6 | IPv6 | | tcp | TCP | | tcp4 | TCP over IPv4 | | tcp6 | TCP over IPv6 | | udp | UDP | | udp4 | UDP over IPv4 | | udp6 | UDP over IPv6 | | unix | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols) | | all | the sum of all the possible families and protocols | +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ """ return self._proc.net_connections(kind) @_common.deprecated_method(replacement="net_connections") def connections(self, kind="inet"): return self.net_connections(kind=kind) # --- signals if POSIX: def _send_signal(self, sig): assert not self.pid < 0, self.pid self._raise_if_pid_reused() if self.pid == 0: # see "man 2 kill" msg = ( "preventing sending signal to process with PID 0 as it " "would affect every process in the process group of the " "calling process (os.getpid()) instead of PID 0" ) raise ValueError(msg) try: os.kill(self.pid, sig) except ProcessLookupError: if OPENBSD and pid_exists(self.pid): # We do this because os.kill() lies in case of # zombie processes. raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid) else: self._gone = True raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) except PermissionError: raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name) def send_signal(self, sig): """Send a signal *sig* to process pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused (see signal module constants) . On Windows only SIGTERM is valid and is treated as an alias for kill(). """ if POSIX: self._send_signal(sig) else: # pragma: no cover self._raise_if_pid_reused() if sig != signal.SIGTERM and not self.is_running(): msg = "process no longer exists" raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name, msg=msg) self._proc.send_signal(sig) def suspend(self): """Suspend process execution with SIGSTOP pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. On Windows this has the effect of suspending all process threads. """ if POSIX: self._send_signal(signal.SIGSTOP) else: # pragma: no cover self._raise_if_pid_reused() self._proc.suspend() def resume(self): """Resume process execution with SIGCONT pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. On Windows this has the effect of resuming all process threads. """ if POSIX: self._send_signal(signal.SIGCONT) else: # pragma: no cover self._raise_if_pid_reused() self._proc.resume() def terminate(self): """Terminate the process with SIGTERM pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. On Windows this is an alias for kill(). """ if POSIX: self._send_signal(signal.SIGTERM) else: # pragma: no cover self._raise_if_pid_reused() self._proc.kill() def kill(self): """Kill the current process with SIGKILL pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. """ if POSIX: self._send_signal(signal.SIGKILL) else: # pragma: no cover self._raise_if_pid_reused() self._proc.kill() def wait(self, timeout=None): """Wait for process to terminate and, if process is a children of os.getpid(), also return its exit code, else None. On Windows there's no such limitation (exit code is always returned). If the process is already terminated immediately return None instead of raising NoSuchProcess. If *timeout* (in seconds) is specified and process is still alive raise TimeoutExpired. To wait for multiple Process(es) use psutil.wait_procs(). """ if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0: msg = "timeout must be a positive integer" raise ValueError(msg) if self._exitcode is not _SENTINEL: return self._exitcode self._exitcode = self._proc.wait(timeout) return self._exitcode # The valid attr names which can be processed by Process.as_dict(). # fmt: off _as_dict_attrnames = set( [x for x in dir(Process) if not x.startswith('_') and x not in {'send_signal', 'suspend', 'resume', 'terminate', 'kill', 'wait', 'is_running', 'as_dict', 'parent', 'parents', 'children', 'rlimit', 'memory_info_ex', 'connections', 'oneshot'}]) # fmt: on # ===================================================================== # --- Popen class # ===================================================================== class Popen(Process): """Same as subprocess.Popen, but in addition it provides all psutil.Process methods in a single class. For the following methods which are common to both classes, psutil implementation takes precedence: * send_signal() * terminate() * kill() This is done in order to avoid killing another process in case its PID has been reused, fixing BPO-6973. >>> import psutil >>> from subprocess import PIPE >>> p = psutil.Popen(["python", "-c", "print 'hi'"], stdout=PIPE) >>> p.name() 'python' >>> p.uids() user(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000) >>> p.username() 'giampaolo' >>> p.communicate() ('hi', None) >>> p.terminate() >>> p.wait(timeout=2) 0 >>> """ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): # Explicitly avoid to raise NoSuchProcess in case the process # spawned by subprocess.Popen terminates too quickly, see: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/193 self.__subproc = subprocess.Popen(*args, **kwargs) self._init(self.__subproc.pid, _ignore_nsp=True) def __dir__(self): return sorted(set(dir(Popen) + dir(subprocess.Popen))) def __enter__(self): if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__enter__'): self.__subproc.__enter__() return self def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs): if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__exit__'): return self.__subproc.__exit__(*args, **kwargs) else: if self.stdout: self.stdout.close() if self.stderr: self.stderr.close() try: # Flushing a BufferedWriter may raise an error. if self.stdin: self.stdin.close() finally: # Wait for the process to terminate, to avoid zombies. self.wait() def __getattribute__(self, name): try: return object.__getattribute__(self, name) except AttributeError: try: return object.__getattribute__(self.__subproc, name) except AttributeError: msg = "%s instance has no attribute '%s'" % ( self.__class__.__name__, name, ) raise AttributeError(msg) def wait(self, timeout=None): if self.__subproc.returncode is not None: return self.__subproc.returncode ret = super(Popen, self).wait(timeout) # noqa self.__subproc.returncode = ret return ret # ===================================================================== # --- system processes related functions # ===================================================================== def pids(): """Return a list of current running PIDs.""" global _LOWEST_PID ret = sorted(_psplatform.pids()) _LOWEST_PID = ret[0] return ret def pid_exists(pid): """Return True if given PID exists in the current process list. This is faster than doing "pid in psutil.pids()" and should be preferred. """ if pid < 0: return False elif pid == 0 and POSIX: # On POSIX we use os.kill() to determine PID existence. # According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 has a special meaning # though: it refers to <<every process in the process # group of the calling process>> and that is not we want # to do here. return pid in pids() else: return _psplatform.pid_exists(pid) _pmap = {} _pids_reused = set() def process_iter(attrs=None, ad_value=None): """Return a generator yielding a Process instance for all running processes. Every new Process instance is only created once and then cached into an internal table which is updated every time this is used. Cache can optionally be cleared via `process_iter.clear_cache()`. The sorting order in which processes are yielded is based on their PIDs. *attrs* and *ad_value* have the same meaning as in Process.as_dict(). If *attrs* is specified as_dict() is called and the resulting dict is stored as a 'info' attribute attached to returned Process instance. If *attrs* is an empty list it will retrieve all process info (slow). """ global _pmap def add(pid): proc = Process(pid) pmap[proc.pid] = proc return proc def remove(pid): pmap.pop(pid, None) pmap = _pmap.copy() a = set(pids()) b = set(pmap.keys()) new_pids = a - b gone_pids = b - a for pid in gone_pids: remove(pid) while _pids_reused: pid = _pids_reused.pop() debug("refreshing Process instance for reused PID %s" % pid) remove(pid) try: ls = sorted(list(pmap.items()) + list(dict.fromkeys(new_pids).items())) for pid, proc in ls: try: if proc is None: # new process proc = add(pid) if attrs is not None: proc.info = proc.as_dict(attrs=attrs, ad_value=ad_value) yield proc except NoSuchProcess: remove(pid) finally: _pmap = pmap process_iter.cache_clear = lambda: _pmap.clear() # noqa process_iter.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clear process_iter() internal cache." def wait_procs(procs, timeout=None, callback=None): """Convenience function which waits for a list of processes to terminate. Return a (gone, alive) tuple indicating which processes are gone and which ones are still alive. The gone ones will have a new *returncode* attribute indicating process exit status (may be None). *callback* is a function which gets called every time a process terminates (a Process instance is passed as callback argument). Function will return as soon as all processes terminate or when *timeout* occurs. Differently from Process.wait() it will not raise TimeoutExpired if *timeout* occurs. Typical use case is: - send SIGTERM to a list of processes - give them some time to terminate - send SIGKILL to those ones which are still alive Example: >>> def on_terminate(proc): ... print("process {} terminated".format(proc)) ... >>> for p in procs: ... p.terminate() ... >>> gone, alive = wait_procs(procs, timeout=3, callback=on_terminate) >>> for p in alive: ... p.kill() """ def check_gone(proc, timeout): try: returncode = proc.wait(timeout=timeout) except TimeoutExpired: pass except _SubprocessTimeoutExpired: pass else: if returncode is not None or not proc.is_running(): # Set new Process instance attribute. proc.returncode = returncode gone.add(proc) if callback is not None: callback(proc) if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0: msg = "timeout must be a positive integer, got %s" % timeout raise ValueError(msg) gone = set() alive = set(procs) if callback is not None and not callable(callback): msg = "callback %r is not a callable" % callback raise TypeError(msg) if timeout is not None: deadline = _timer() + timeout while alive: if timeout is not None and timeout <= 0: break for proc in alive: # Make sure that every complete iteration (all processes) # will last max 1 sec. # We do this because we don't want to wait too long on a # single process: in case it terminates too late other # processes may disappear in the meantime and their PID # reused. max_timeout = 1.0 / len(alive) if timeout is not None: timeout = min((deadline - _timer()), max_timeout) if timeout <= 0: break check_gone(proc, timeout) else: check_gone(proc, max_timeout) alive = alive - gone # noqa PLR6104 if alive: # Last attempt over processes survived so far. # timeout == 0 won't make this function wait any further. for proc in alive: check_gone(proc, 0) alive = alive - gone # noqa: PLR6104 return (list(gone), list(alive)) # ===================================================================== # --- CPU related functions # ===================================================================== def cpu_count(logical=True): """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system (same as os.cpu_count() in Python 3.4). If *logical* is False return the number of physical cores only (e.g. hyper thread CPUs are excluded). Return None if undetermined. The return value is cached after first call. If desired cache can be cleared like this: >>> psutil.cpu_count.cache_clear() """ if logical: ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_logical() else: ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_cores() if ret is not None and ret < 1: ret = None return ret def cpu_times(percpu=False): """Return system-wide CPU times as a namedtuple. Every CPU time represents the seconds the CPU has spent in the given mode. The namedtuple's fields availability varies depending on the platform: - user - system - idle - nice (UNIX) - iowait (Linux) - irq (Linux, FreeBSD) - softirq (Linux) - steal (Linux >= 2.6.11) - guest (Linux >= 2.6.24) - guest_nice (Linux >= 3.2.0) When *percpu* is True return a list of namedtuples for each CPU. First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element to second CPU and so on. The order of the list is consistent across calls. """ if not percpu: return _psplatform.cpu_times() else: return _psplatform.per_cpu_times() try: _last_cpu_times = {threading.current_thread().ident: cpu_times()} except Exception: # noqa: BLE001 # Don't want to crash at import time. _last_cpu_times = {} try: _last_per_cpu_times = { threading.current_thread().ident: cpu_times(percpu=True) } except Exception: # noqa: BLE001 # Don't want to crash at import time. _last_per_cpu_times = {} def _cpu_tot_time(times): """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the total CPU time (including idle time). """ tot = sum(times) if LINUX: # On Linux guest times are already accounted in "user" or # "nice" times, so we subtract them from total. # Htop does the same. References: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/940 # http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/178045 # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/ # 447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/ # cputime.c#L158 tot -= getattr(times, "guest", 0) # Linux 2.6.24+ tot -= getattr(times, "guest_nice", 0) # Linux 3.2.0+ return tot def _cpu_busy_time(times): """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the busy CPU time. We do so by subtracting all idle CPU times. """ busy = _cpu_tot_time(times) busy -= times.idle # Linux: "iowait" is time during which the CPU does not do anything # (waits for IO to complete). On Linux IO wait is *not* accounted # in "idle" time so we subtract it. Htop does the same. # References: # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/ # 447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/cputime.c#L244 busy -= getattr(times, "iowait", 0) return busy def _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2): assert t1._fields == t2._fields, (t1, t2) field_deltas = [] for field in _psplatform.scputimes._fields: field_delta = getattr(t2, field) - getattr(t1, field) # CPU times are always supposed to increase over time # or at least remain the same and that's because time # cannot go backwards. # Surprisingly sometimes this might not be the case (at # least on Windows and Linux), see: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/392 # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/645 # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1210 # Trim negative deltas to zero to ignore decreasing fields. # top does the same. Reference: # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/v3.3.12/top/top.c#L5063 field_delta = max(0, field_delta) field_deltas.append(field_delta) return _psplatform.scputimes(*field_deltas) def cpu_percent(interval=None, percpu=False): """Return a float representing the current system-wide CPU utilization as a percentage. When *interval* is > 0.0 compares system CPU times elapsed before and after the interval (blocking). When *interval* is 0.0 or None compares system CPU times elapsed since last call or module import, returning immediately (non blocking). That means the first time this is called it will return a meaningless 0.0 value which you should ignore. In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function be called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls. When *percpu* is True returns a list of floats representing the utilization as a percentage for each CPU. First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element to second CPU and so on. The order of the list is consistent across calls. Examples: >>> # blocking, system-wide >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1) 2.0 >>> >>> # blocking, per-cpu >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True) [2.0, 1.0] >>> >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call) >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None) 2.9 >>> """ tid = threading.current_thread().ident blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 if interval is not None and interval < 0: msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval raise ValueError(msg) def calculate(t1, t2): times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2) all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta) busy_delta = _cpu_busy_time(times_delta) try: busy_perc = (busy_delta / all_delta) * 100 except ZeroDivisionError: return 0.0 else: return round(busy_perc, 1) # system-wide usage if not percpu: if blocking: t1 = cpu_times() time.sleep(interval) else: t1 = _last_cpu_times.get(tid) or cpu_times() _last_cpu_times[tid] = cpu_times() return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times[tid]) # per-cpu usage else: ret = [] if blocking: tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) time.sleep(interval) else: tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times.get(tid) or cpu_times(percpu=True) _last_per_cpu_times[tid] = cpu_times(percpu=True) for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times[tid]): ret.append(calculate(t1, t2)) return ret # Use a separate dict for cpu_times_percent(), so it's independent from # cpu_percent() and they can both be used within the same program. _last_cpu_times_2 = _last_cpu_times.copy() _last_per_cpu_times_2 = _last_per_cpu_times.copy() def cpu_times_percent(interval=None, percpu=False): """Same as cpu_percent() but provides utilization percentages for each specific CPU time as is returned by cpu_times(). For instance, on Linux we'll get: >>> cpu_times_percent() cpupercent(user=4.8, nice=0.0, system=4.8, idle=90.5, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0) >>> *interval* and *percpu* arguments have the same meaning as in cpu_percent(). """ tid = threading.current_thread().ident blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 if interval is not None and interval < 0: msg = "interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval raise ValueError(msg) def calculate(t1, t2): nums = [] times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2) all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta) # "scale" is the value to multiply each delta with to get percentages. # We use "max" to avoid division by zero (if all_delta is 0, then all # fields are 0 so percentages will be 0 too. all_delta cannot be a # fraction because cpu times are integers) scale = 100.0 / max(1, all_delta) for field_delta in times_delta: field_perc = field_delta * scale field_perc = round(field_perc, 1) # make sure we don't return negative values or values over 100% field_perc = min(max(0.0, field_perc), 100.0) nums.append(field_perc) return _psplatform.scputimes(*nums) # system-wide usage if not percpu: if blocking: t1 = cpu_times() time.sleep(interval) else: t1 = _last_cpu_times_2.get(tid) or cpu_times() _last_cpu_times_2[tid] = cpu_times() return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times_2[tid]) # per-cpu usage else: ret = [] if blocking: tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) time.sleep(interval) else: tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times_2.get(tid) or cpu_times(percpu=True) _last_per_cpu_times_2[tid] = cpu_times(percpu=True) for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times_2[tid]): ret.append(calculate(t1, t2)) return ret def cpu_stats(): """Return CPU statistics.""" return _psplatform.cpu_stats() if hasattr(_psplatform, "cpu_freq"): def cpu_freq(percpu=False): """Return CPU frequency as a namedtuple including current, min and max frequency expressed in Mhz. If *percpu* is True and the system supports per-cpu frequency retrieval (Linux only) a list of frequencies is returned for each CPU. If not a list with one element is returned. """ ret = _psplatform.cpu_freq() if percpu: return ret else: num_cpus = float(len(ret)) if num_cpus == 0: return None elif num_cpus == 1: return ret[0] else: currs, mins, maxs = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 set_none = False for cpu in ret: currs += cpu.current # On Linux if /proc/cpuinfo is used min/max are set # to None. if LINUX and cpu.min is None: set_none = True continue mins += cpu.min maxs += cpu.max current = currs / num_cpus if set_none: min_ = max_ = None else: min_ = mins / num_cpus max_ = maxs / num_cpus return _common.scpufreq(current, min_, max_) __all__.append("cpu_freq") if hasattr(os, "getloadavg") or hasattr(_psplatform, "getloadavg"): # Perform this hasattr check once on import time to either use the # platform based code or proxy straight from the os module. if hasattr(os, "getloadavg"): getloadavg = os.getloadavg else: getloadavg = _psplatform.getloadavg __all__.append("getloadavg") # ===================================================================== # --- system memory related functions # ===================================================================== def virtual_memory(): """Return statistics about system memory usage as a namedtuple including the following fields, expressed in bytes: - total: total physical memory available. - available: the memory that can be given instantly to processes without the system going into swap. This is calculated by summing different memory values depending on the platform and it is supposed to be used to monitor actual memory usage in a cross platform fashion. - percent: the percentage usage calculated as (total - available) / total * 100 - used: memory used, calculated differently depending on the platform and designed for informational purposes only: macOS: active + wired BSD: active + wired + cached Linux: total - free - free: memory not being used at all (zeroed) that is readily available; note that this doesn't reflect the actual memory available (use 'available' instead) Platform-specific fields: - active (UNIX): memory currently in use or very recently used, and so it is in RAM. - inactive (UNIX): memory that is marked as not used. - buffers (BSD, Linux): cache for things like file system metadata. - cached (BSD, macOS): cache for various things. - wired (macOS, BSD): memory that is marked to always stay in RAM. It is never moved to disk. - shared (BSD): memory that may be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes. The sum of 'used' and 'available' does not necessarily equal total. On Windows 'available' and 'free' are the same. """ global _TOTAL_PHYMEM ret = _psplatform.virtual_memory() # cached for later use in Process.memory_percent() _TOTAL_PHYMEM = ret.total return ret def swap_memory(): """Return system swap memory statistics as a namedtuple including the following fields: - total: total swap memory in bytes - used: used swap memory in bytes - free: free swap memory in bytes - percent: the percentage usage - sin: no. of bytes the system has swapped in from disk (cumulative) - sout: no. of bytes the system has swapped out from disk (cumulative) 'sin' and 'sout' on Windows are meaningless and always set to 0. """ return _psplatform.swap_memory() # ===================================================================== # --- disks/partitions related functions # ===================================================================== def disk_usage(path): """Return disk usage statistics about the given *path* as a namedtuple including total, used and free space expressed in bytes plus the percentage usage. """ return _psplatform.disk_usage(path) def disk_partitions(all=False): """Return mounted partitions as a list of (device, mountpoint, fstype, opts) namedtuple. 'opts' field is a raw string separated by commas indicating mount options which may vary depending on the platform. If *all* parameter is False return physical devices only and ignore all others. """ return _psplatform.disk_partitions(all) def disk_io_counters(perdisk=False, nowrap=True): """Return system disk I/O statistics as a namedtuple including the following fields: - read_count: number of reads - write_count: number of writes - read_bytes: number of bytes read - write_bytes: number of bytes written - read_time: time spent reading from disk (in ms) - write_time: time spent writing to disk (in ms) Platform specific: - busy_time: (Linux, FreeBSD) time spent doing actual I/Os (in ms) - read_merged_count (Linux): number of merged reads - write_merged_count (Linux): number of merged writes If *perdisk* is True return the same information for every physical disk installed on the system as a dictionary with partition names as the keys and the namedtuple described above as the values. If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same, but never decrease. "disk_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the cache. On recent Windows versions 'diskperf -y' command may need to be executed first otherwise this function won't find any disk. """ kwargs = dict(perdisk=perdisk) if LINUX else {} rawdict = _psplatform.disk_io_counters(**kwargs) if not rawdict: return {} if perdisk else None if nowrap: rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.disk_io_counters') nt = getattr(_psplatform, "sdiskio", _common.sdiskio) if perdisk: for disk, fields in rawdict.items(): rawdict[disk] = nt(*fields) return rawdict else: return nt(*(sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values()))) disk_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial( _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.disk_io_counters' ) disk_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache" # ===================================================================== # --- network related functions # ===================================================================== def net_io_counters(pernic=False, nowrap=True): """Return network I/O statistics as a namedtuple including the following fields: - bytes_sent: number of bytes sent - bytes_recv: number of bytes received - packets_sent: number of packets sent - packets_recv: number of packets received - errin: total number of errors while receiving - errout: total number of errors while sending - dropin: total number of incoming packets which were dropped - dropout: total number of outgoing packets which were dropped (always 0 on macOS and BSD) If *pernic* is True return the same information for every network interface installed on the system as a dictionary with network interface names as the keys and the namedtuple described above as the values. If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same, but never decrease. "net_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the cache. """ rawdict = _psplatform.net_io_counters() if not rawdict: return {} if pernic else None if nowrap: rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.net_io_counters') if pernic: for nic, fields in rawdict.items(): rawdict[nic] = _common.snetio(*fields) return rawdict else: return _common.snetio(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values())]) net_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial( _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.net_io_counters' ) net_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache" def net_connections(kind='inet'): """Return system-wide socket connections as a list of (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid) namedtuples. In case of limited privileges 'fd' and 'pid' may be set to -1 and None respectively. The *kind* parameter filters for connections that fit the following criteria: +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | Kind Value | Connections using | +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ | inet | IPv4 and IPv6 | | inet4 | IPv4 | | inet6 | IPv6 | | tcp | TCP | | tcp4 | TCP over IPv4 | | tcp6 | TCP over IPv6 | | udp | UDP | | udp4 | UDP over IPv4 | | udp6 | UDP over IPv6 | | unix | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols) | | all | the sum of all the possible families and protocols | +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ On macOS this function requires root privileges. """ return _psplatform.net_connections(kind) def net_if_addrs(): """Return the addresses associated to each NIC (network interface card) installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the NIC names and value is a list of namedtuples for each address assigned to the NIC. Each namedtuple includes 5 fields: - family: can be either socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6 or psutil.AF_LINK, which refers to a MAC address. - address: is the primary address and it is always set. - netmask: and 'broadcast' and 'ptp' may be None. - ptp: stands for "point to point" and references the destination address on a point to point interface (typically a VPN). - broadcast: and *ptp* are mutually exclusive. Note: you can have more than one address of the same family associated with each interface. """ has_enums = _PY3 if has_enums: import socket rawlist = _psplatform.net_if_addrs() rawlist.sort(key=lambda x: x[1]) # sort by family ret = collections.defaultdict(list) for name, fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp in rawlist: if has_enums: try: fam = socket.AddressFamily(fam) except ValueError: if WINDOWS and fam == -1: fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK elif ( hasattr(_psplatform, "AF_LINK") and fam == _psplatform.AF_LINK ): # Linux defines AF_LINK as an alias for AF_PACKET. # We re-set the family here so that repr(family) # will show AF_LINK rather than AF_PACKET fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK if fam == _psplatform.AF_LINK: # The underlying C function may return an incomplete MAC # address in which case we fill it with null bytes, see: # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/786 separator = ":" if POSIX else "-" while addr.count(separator) < 5: addr += "%s00" % separator ret[name].append(_common.snicaddr(fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp)) return dict(ret) def net_if_stats(): """Return information about each NIC (network interface card) installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the NIC names and value is a namedtuple with the following fields: - isup: whether the interface is up (bool) - duplex: can be either NIC_DUPLEX_FULL, NIC_DUPLEX_HALF or NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN - speed: the NIC speed expressed in mega bits (MB); if it can't be determined (e.g. 'localhost') it will be set to 0. - mtu: the maximum transmission unit expressed in bytes. """ return _psplatform.net_if_stats() # ===================================================================== # --- sensors # ===================================================================== # Linux, macOS if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_temperatures"): def sensors_temperatures(fahrenheit=False): """Return hardware temperatures. Each entry is a namedtuple representing a certain hardware sensor (it may be a CPU, an hard disk or something else, depending on the OS and its configuration). All temperatures are expressed in celsius unless *fahrenheit* is set to True. """ def convert(n): if n is not None: return (float(n) * 9 / 5) + 32 if fahrenheit else n ret = collections.defaultdict(list) rawdict = _psplatform.sensors_temperatures() for name, values in rawdict.items(): while values: label, current, high, critical = values.pop(0) current = convert(current) high = convert(high) critical = convert(critical) if high and not critical: critical = high elif critical and not high: high = critical ret[name].append( _common.shwtemp(label, current, high, critical) ) return dict(ret) __all__.append("sensors_temperatures") # Linux if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_fans"): def sensors_fans(): """Return fans speed. Each entry is a namedtuple representing a certain hardware sensor. All speed are expressed in RPM (rounds per minute). """ return _psplatform.sensors_fans() __all__.append("sensors_fans") # Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, macOS if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_battery"): def sensors_battery(): """Return battery information. If no battery is installed returns None. - percent: battery power left as a percentage. - secsleft: a rough approximation of how many seconds are left before the battery runs out of power. May be POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED or POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED. - power_plugged: True if the AC power cable is connected. """ return _psplatform.sensors_battery() __all__.append("sensors_battery") # ===================================================================== # --- other system related functions # ===================================================================== def boot_time(): """Return the system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch.""" # Note: we are not caching this because it is subject to # system clock updates. return _psplatform.boot_time() def users(): """Return users currently connected on the system as a list of namedtuples including the following fields. - user: the name of the user - terminal: the tty or pseudo-tty associated with the user, if any. - host: the host name associated with the entry, if any. - started: the creation time as a floating point number expressed in seconds since the epoch. """ return _psplatform.users() # ===================================================================== # --- Windows services # ===================================================================== if WINDOWS: def win_service_iter(): """Return a generator yielding a WindowsService instance for all Windows services installed. """ return _psplatform.win_service_iter() def win_service_get(name): """Get a Windows service by *name*. Raise NoSuchProcess if no service with such name exists. """ return _psplatform.win_service_get(name) # ===================================================================== def _set_debug(value): """Enable or disable PSUTIL_DEBUG option, which prints debugging messages to stderr. """ import psutil._common psutil._common.PSUTIL_DEBUG = bool(value) _psplatform.cext.set_debug(bool(value)) def test(): # pragma: no cover from ._common import bytes2human from ._compat import get_terminal_size today_day = datetime.date.today() # fmt: off templ = "%-10s %5s %5s %7s %7s %5s %6s %6s %6s %s" attrs = ['pid', 'memory_percent', 'name', 'cmdline', 'cpu_times', 'create_time', 'memory_info', 'status', 'nice', 'username'] print(templ % ("USER", "PID", "%MEM", "VSZ", "RSS", "NICE", # NOQA "STATUS", "START", "TIME", "CMDLINE")) # fmt: on for p in process_iter(attrs, ad_value=None): if p.info['create_time']: ctime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(p.info['create_time']) if ctime.date() == today_day: ctime = ctime.strftime("%H:%M") else: ctime = ctime.strftime("%b%d") else: ctime = '' if p.info['cpu_times']: cputime = time.strftime( "%M:%S", time.localtime(sum(p.info['cpu_times'])) ) else: cputime = '' user = p.info['username'] or '' if not user and POSIX: try: user = p.uids()[0] except Error: pass if user and WINDOWS and '\\' in user: user = user.split('\\')[1] user = user[:9] vms = ( bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].vms) if p.info['memory_info'] is not None else '' ) rss = ( bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].rss) if p.info['memory_info'] is not None else '' ) memp = ( round(p.info['memory_percent'], 1) if p.info['memory_percent'] is not None else '' ) nice = int(p.info['nice']) if p.info['nice'] else '' if p.info['cmdline']: cmdline = ' '.join(p.info['cmdline']) else: cmdline = p.info['name'] status = p.info['status'][:5] if p.info['status'] else '' line = templ % ( user[:10], p.info['pid'], memp, vms, rss, nice, status, ctime, cputime, cmdline, ) print(line[: get_terminal_size()[0]]) # NOQA del memoize_when_activated, division if sys.version_info[0] < 3: del num, x # noqa if __name__ == "__main__": test()